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| History of Technology in Africa |
Science and technology in Africa has unfolded since the dawn of human history. The first
evidence of tool use and tool making by our hominid ancestors is interred in
valleys across Sub-Saharan Africa.
Currently, forty percent of
African-born scientists live in OECD countries, predominantly NATO and EU
countries. This has been described as an African brain drain
Sub-Saharan African countries spent
on average 0.3% of their GDP on S&T (Science and Technology) in 2007. This
represents a combined increase from US$1.8bn in 2002 to US$2.8bn in 2007. North
African countries spend a comparative 0.4% of GDP on research, an increase from
US$2.6bn in 2002 to US$3.3bn in 2007. Exempting South Africa, the continent has
augmented its collective science funding by about 50% in the last decade.
Notably outstripping its neighbor states, South Africa spends 0.87% of GDP on
science and technology research.
Although technology parks have a
long history in the US and Europe, their presence across Africa is still
limited, as the continent currently lags behind other regions of the world in
terms of funding technological development and innovation. Only six countries (Morocco, Egypt, Senegal, Madagascar, Tunisia and South Africa) have
made technology park construction an integral piece of their development goals.
In recent years, a greater volume of
African countries have embraced technology as a driver of development, e.g. Kenya's
Vision 2030 and Rwanda's rapid ICT growth. Telecom innovation in particular has
broadly improved quality of life across sub-Saharan Africa. Also,
continent-wide membership in social networking sites such as Facebook has risen
to over 100,000 by 2012
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